the first false

κατηγορ-έω,

A speak against, esp. before judges, accuse, opp. ἀπολογέομαι, c. gen., Hdt.2.113, 8.60, Lys.14.21, Ar.Pl. 1073, etc.;

τῆς πόλεως Pl.Mx. 244e

: less freq.

κατά τινος X.HG1.7.9

; κ. τινὸς πρὸς τὴν πόλιν denounce him publicly, Pl.Euthphr.2c; κατηγόρεις [αὐτῶν] ὡς λέγοιεν you accused them of saying, D.21.134, cf. X.HG7.1.38; κ. τινὸς ὅτι .. ib.1.7.17;

τῶν ἱππέων ἐλθὼν πρὸς ὑμᾶς εἰς τὴν ἐκκλησίαν κατηγόρει D.21.197

;

τῆς ἐμῆς [τύχης] κατηγορεῖς Id.18.266

, cf. Isoc.3.4.

2 κ. τί τινος bring as a charge against a person, accuse him of it,

δείν' ἔπη μου S.OT 514

, cf. E.Or.28, etc.;

τῶν ἄλλων μωρίαν X.Mem.1.3.4

;

ὃς ἐμοῦ Φιλιππισμὸν κατηγορεῖ D.18.294

;

κ. τι κατά τινος Hyp.Eux.23

;

τινὸς περί τινος And.1.110

, Th.8.85: c. inf.,

κ. τινὸς παθεῖν τι Pl.Grg. 482c

: c. dupl. gen.,

παρανόμων κ. τινός D.21.5

.

3 c. acc. rei only, allege in accusation, Hdt. 2.113;

μωρίαν ἐμήν E.Heracl. 418

;

τὴν πονηρίαν τῶν γονέων Pl.Prt. 346a

;

τὰ γεγονότα κ. Antipho 1.10

, cf.Ar.V. 932, Ra. 996 (lyr.), Lys. 13.31, D.19.9:—[voice] Pass., to be brought as an accusation against, κατηγορεῖτο τοὐπίκλημα τοῦτό μου; S.OT 529;

ἀδικία πολλὴ κ. αὐτοῦ Th.1.95

; τὰ πρῶτά μου ψευδῆ -ημένα the first false charges brought against me, Pl.Ap. 18a, cf. Lys.16.9;

τὰ -ηθέντα Antipho 5.85

, And.1.24;

τἀδικήμαθ' ἃ κατηγορεῖται D.21.136

: impers., folld. by inf., σφέων.. κατηγόρητο μηδίζειν a charge had been brought against them that.., Hdt.7.205;

κατηγορεῖτό τινος ὡς βαρβαρίζοι X.HG5.2.35

; κατηγορουμένου δ' αὐτοῦ, ὅτι .. a charge being brought against him, that.., ib.3.5.25.

b rarely in [voice] Pass., of the person, to be accused,

οἱ κατηγορούμενοι And.1.7

, cf. Luc.Tim.38 (s.v.l.).

4 abs., to be an accuser, appear as prosecutor, Ar.V. 840, 842, Pl. 917, Pl.Ap. 18e, etc.

II signify, indicate, prove, c.acc.rei, [

τὸ νεαρὸν] κ. τὴν ὀλιγοετίαν X.Cyr.1.4.3

, cf. Plu.2.695d, Adam.1.5,al.;

ἀσθένειαν μᾶλλον ἢ δύναμιν Plot.4.6.3

; display,

οἱ πολλὴν -οῦντες ἀπειροκαλίαν Luc.Nigr. 21

: c. gen. pers.,

εὖ γὰρ φρονοῦντος ὄμμα σοῦ κατηγορεῖ A.Ag. 271

, cf. E.Fr. 690, S.Aj. 907, etc.;

ὠκύτητα κ. τοῦ κυνός Philostr.Im.2.26

.

2 folld. by relat., declare, assert,

αὐτὸ κατηγορέει τὸ οὔνομα ὡς ἔστι Ἑλληνικόν Hdt.3.115

; κ. ὅτι .. Id.4.189, Pl.Phd. 73b (impers.): abs., make a definite assertion, Id.Tht. 208b.

III in Logic, predicate of a person or thing,

τί τινος Arist.Cat. 3a19

,al., Epicur.Fr. 250; κυρίως, καταχρηστικῶς κ., Phld.Po.5.15;

ἐναντίως ὑπὲρ τῶν αὐτῶν Id.Oec.p.60

J.: —more freq. in [voice] Pass., to be predicated of.., τινος Arist.Cat. 2a21, APr. 26b9, al.;

κατά τινος Id.Cat. 2a37

;

κατὰ παντὸς ἢ μηδενός Id.APr. 24a15

: less freq.

ἐπί τινος Id.Metaph. 998b16

, 999a15; so later

ἐφ' ἑνὸς οἴονται θεοῦ ἑκάτερον τῶν ὀνομάτων -εῖσθαι D.H.2.48

;

περί τινος Arist. Top. 140b37

;

τὸ κοινῇ -ούμενον ἐπὶ πᾶσιν Id.SE 179a8

: abs., τὸ κατηγορούμενον the predicate, opp. τὸ ὑποκείμενον (the subject), Id.Cat. 1b11, cf.Metaph. 1043a6, al.; κατηγορεῖν καὶ -εῖσθαι to be subject and predicate, Id.APr. 47b1.

2 affirm, opp. ἀπαρνέομαι, ib. 41a10. Adv. κατηγορουμένως categorically, roundly, Phld.Ir.p.90 W.

μάρτυς, μάρτυρος, ὁ dat. pl. μάρτυσιν (Pind., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX; TestAbr A 13 p. 92, 22 [Stone p. 32]; TestLevi 19:3; Philo, Joseph.; apolog. exc. Ar.)

① one who testifies in legal matters, witness (Just., A I, 23, 3; Ath. 3, 2) Ac 7:58; Mt 18:16; 2 Cor 13:1; 1 Ti 5:19 (the last 3 after Dt 19:15; cp. Jos., Vi. 256 and Hipponax [VI B.C.] 47 D.³ ἐλθὼν σὺν τριοῖσι μάρτυσιν); Hb 10:28 (Dt 17:6.—ἐπὶ μάρτυσι also Appian, Bell. Civ. 3, 14 §49). τί ἔτι χρείαν ἔχομεν μαρτύρων; what further need have we of witnesses? (Pla., Rep. 1, 340a τί δεῖται μάρτυρος; αὐτὸς γὰρ ὁ Θρασύμαχος ὁμολογεῖ) Mt 26:65; Mk 14:63. μάρτυρες ψευδεῖς false witnesses (Demosth. 29, 28) Ac 6:13 (Mel., P. 79, 572). There is a suggestion of bureaucratic protocol relating to the account of the prudent and blameless men whom the Roman church sent to Corinth and who μάρτυρες ἔσονται μεταξὺ ὑμῶν κ. ἡμῶν 1 Cl 63:3.

② one who affirms or attests, testifier, witness transf. sense of mng. 1, of anyone who can or should testify to anything.

ⓐ of God (or the exalted Christ) as witness (deities as witnesses oft. Pind. et al.; Philo; Jos., Bell. 1, 595, Ant. 1, 209; TestLevi 19:3; SibOr, Fgm. 1, 4; Just., A II, 12, 4 θεὸν … μάρτυρα ἔχοντες. Orig., C. Cels. 1, 46, 26 θεὸς [sc. ἐστιν] μ. τοῦ ἡμετέρου συνειδότος); as a formula God is my witness (that I am telling the truth) Ro 1:9; Phil 1:8; shortened θεὸς μ. 1 Th 2:5; cp. vs. 10 (here also Jos., Ant. 15, 130 μ. ὑμᾶς ποιούμενος). μ. μοι ἐν ᾧ δέδεμαι IPhld 7:2. μάρτυρα τὸν θεὸν ἐπικαλεῖσθαι call upon God as witness 2 Cor 1:23 (cp. 1 Km 12:5f; 20:23; Polyb. 11, 6, 4 τ. θεοὺς ἐπικαλέσεσθε μάρτυρας; Heliod. 1, 25, 1; Galen VI 775 Kühn; likewise of calling upon deities, Hippol., Ref. 9, 15, 6: τοὺς ἑπτὰ μάρτυρας μαρτύρομαι).

ⓑ of humans (cp. Pind. O. 4, 5): witnessing by eye and ear (X., Ages. 4, 5; Pla., Ep. 1 p. 309a; Aelian, VH 10, 6; Jos., Ant. 18, 299; Tat. 31, 1; 36, 1) 1 Th 2:10; 1 Ti 6:12; 2 Ti 2:2.—Also of those witnesses whose faith is tried and true τοσοῦτον νέφος μαρτύρων Hb 12:1.—Of witnesses of events which they know about, without having experienced them personally (acc. to Strabo 7, 3, 7 p. 300 Hesiod is μάρτυς with regard to the Scythians): the teachers of the law bear witness to the murder of the prophets by their ancestors, by erecting tombs for the prophets Lk 11:48 (μαρτυρεῖτε v.l.).

ⓒ of witnesses who bear a divine message (Epict. 3, 26, 28 God uses the wise men as his μάρτυρες) Rv 11:3 (though the mng. approaches martyr [s. 3 below] here; cp. vs. 7. S. DHaugg, D. zwei Zeugen-Apk 11:1–13, ’36; JConsidine, CBQ 8, ’46. 377–92). In this sense, above all, of Jesus’ disciples as the witnesses of his life, death, and resurrection: ἔσεσθέ μου μάρτυρες you will be my witnesses Ac 1:8; cp. 13:31 (Ps.-Demetr. 222 μάρτυς σου γίνεται). W. obj. gen. of the thing witnessed: witness for/of (Jos., C. Ap. 1, 4 τῶν ὑπʼ ἐμοῦ λεγομένων μ., Ant. 4, 40; ἀληθείας μ. of Polycarp Iren. 3, 3, 4 [Harv. II 13, 4]; παραδόσεως of the Ephesian congregation 3, 3, 4 [Harv. II 15, 6]; Orig., C. Cels. 1, 47, 24) Lk 24:48; Ac 1:22; 3:15; 5:32; 10:39; 26:16. μ. τῶν τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθημάτων a witness of the sufferings of Christ 1 Pt 5:1. ἔσῃ μ. αὐτῷ πρὸς πάντας ἀνθρώπους you will be a witness for him to all people Ac 22:15 (Epict. 3, 24, 113 μ. πρὸς τοὺς ἄλλους).—10:41. Danker, Benefactor 442–47.

③ one who witnesses at cost of life, martyr, in the usage of the persecuted church τὸ αἷμα Στεφάνου τοῦ μάρτυρός σου Ac 22:20. Of Antipas ὁ μ. μου ὁ πιστός μου Rv 2:13 (cp. Pind., P. 1, 88 μάρτυρες πιστοί=dependable witnesses; on the textual problems of Rv 2:13 s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 45–47). Onesimus μ. Χριστοῦ γεγένηται Phlm subscr. v.l. Gener. μάρτυρες Ἰησοῦ Rv 17:6; cp. MPol 2:2; 14:2; 15:2; 16:2 v.l.; 17:3; 19:1. Of Zacharias μ. εἰμι τοῦ θεοῦ GJs 25:3 (s. de Strycker ad loc.). Since Rv also calls Jesus (as well as Antipas) ὁ μάρτυς ὁ πιστός 1:5; 3:14, these pass. are prob. to be classed here (cp. Ps 88:38), but with awareness of strong focus in all the NT passages in this classification on the fact of witness. The death of Jesus was early regarded as the first martyrdom.—For an analysis of the question how μάρτυς=‘witness’ came to mean ‘martyr’, s. FKattenbusch, ZNW 4, 1903, 111ff; KHoll, variously, then Gesamm. Aufsätze II 1928, 103ff; ASchlatter, BFChTh 19, 3, 1915; PCorssen, NJklA 35, 1915, 481ff, 37, 1916, 424ff, ZNW 15, 1914, 221ff w. several continuations until 18, 1917, 249ff, Sokrates 6, 1918, 106ff; Rtzst., Hist. Mon. 1916, 85; 257, NGG 1916, 417ff, Her 52, 1917, 442ff; FDornseiff, ARW 22, 1923/24, 133ff; HDelehaye, Analecta Bollandiana 39, 1921, 20ff, Sanctus 1927 (²’33), 74ff (75, 1 lit.). ELohmeyer, D. Idee des Martyriums im Judent. u. Urchristent.: ZST 5, 1927/28, 232–49; GFitzer, D. Begriff des μ. im Judent. u. Urchristent., diss. Bresl. 1929; HLietzmann, Martys: Pauly-W. XIV 2, 1930, 2044–52; OMichel, Prophet u. Märt. ’32; RCasey, Μάρτυς: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 30–37; EStauffer, Märtyrertheologie u. Täuferbewegg.: ZKG 52, ’33, 545–98; DRiddle, The Martyr Motif in Mk: JR 4, 1924, 174–91, Hb, 1 Cl and the Persecution of Domitian: JBL 43, 1924, 329–48, From Apocalypse to Martyrology: ATR 9, 1927, 260–80, The Martyrs: A Study in Social Control ’31, Die Verfolgungslogien im formgesch. u. soziol. Bed.: ZNW 33, ’34, 271–89; HvCampenhausen, D. Idee des Martyriums in d. alten Kirche² ’64; EPeterson, Zeuge d. Wahrh. ’37; EBurnier, Le notion de témoignage dans le NT ’37; HSurkau, Martyrien in jüd. u. frühchristl. Zt. ’38; HFischel, Martyr and Prophet (in Jewish lit.), JQR 37, ’46/47, 265–80; 363–86; EGünther, Μάρτυς, D. Gesch. eines Wortes ’41, Zeuge u. Märtyrer, ZNW 47, ’56, 145–61. ELohse, Märtyrer u. Gottesknecht ’55; HvanVliet, No Single Testimony (Dt 19:15) ’58; NBrox, Zeuge u. Märtyrer ’61.—B. 1436; ATrites, Μάρτυς and Martyrdom in the Apocalypse, A Semantic Study: NovT 15, ’73, 72–80, The NT Concept of Witness ’77; GDragas, Martyrdom and Orthodoxy in the NT Era: Greek Orthodox Theological Review 30, ’85, 287–96; PVassiliadis, The Translation of μαρτυρία Ιησοῦ in Rv: BT 36, ’85, 129–34; M-ERosenblatt, Paul the Accused ’95, 1–21; Kl. Pauly III 1059f; BHHW II 1156f.—DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

Grammatical information: adv., also as prep. w. gen.

Meaning: `beyond, further, longer, more, past' (Att.).

Compounds: comp. περαι-τέρω (Att.), - τερον with adj. - τερος (Pi.).

Derivatives: Besides πέρᾱν, Ion. - ην adv., also prep. w. gen. `over, across, beyond, opposite to' (Il.). -- Adj. περαῖος `ulterior', esp. ἡ περαία ( χώρα, γῆ) `the country on the other side', also as PN (Hdt., A. R., Plb., Str.). From it 1. Περαΐτης m. `inhabitant of the Περαία' (J.; Redard 26 and 239 n. 24); 2. περαιόθεν `from the other side' (A. R., Arat.); 3. περαιόομαι, - όω, also w. δια- a.o., `to cross over, to bring over' (since ω 437), `to accomplish' (Gort.), `to end' (medic.) with περαίωσις f. `crossing' (Str., Plu.). -- Denominative verb περάω, aor. - ᾶσαι, Ion. - ῆσαι, also w. prefix, esp. δια- and ἐκ-, `to pass through, to go through, to travel through, to go beyond, to reach the end' (Il.) with ( δια-)πέρ-αμα n. `crossing' (Str.), ἐκπέρ-αμα n. `coming out of' (A.), πέρ-ασις f. `stepping through' (S.), - άσιμος `crossable, passable' (E., Str.); - ατός, Ion. - ητός `id.' (Pi., Hdt.); - ατής m. `ferryman' (Suid., Procl.); but in the sense of `stranger, emigrant' (LXX) prob. from πέρᾱ(ν); thus περᾱ-τικός `coming from a strange (ulterior) country, foreign' (Peripl. M. Rubr.), and - τός `id.' (pap. III<sup>a</sup>). -- Often w. strengthening ἀντι-: ἀντι-πέραια n. pl. `the stretches of coast on the opposite side' (Β 635), - αια f. sg. (A. R., Nonn.); ἀντι-πέρας `opposite to' (Th., X.; on the ending below), - πέραν, - ην (hell.), -πέρᾱ (Ev. Luc.) `id.'; - πέρηθε(ν) `from the opposite coast' (A. R., AP).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [811] * per `beyond, further'

Etymology: Both πέρᾱ and πέρᾱν are frozen caseforms, the latter acc. of a noun *πέρᾱ f. (Schwyzer 621), the first polyinterpret. (instr. f. or nom. pl. n.?). To this were adapted, prob. as innovations, the gen. in ἀντι-πέρας and in ἐκ πέρας Ναυπακτίας (A. Supp. 262) as well as the nominal acc. in Χαλκίδος πέραν ἔχων (A.Ag. 190 [lyr.]) and in πέρανδε (Argos V^a). -- With πέρᾱ may be equated formally Skt. párā and Av. para `off, away, on the side'; these belong to the adj. Skt. pára-, Av. OP. para- `farther, of the other side'. Uncertain is the comparison of πέρᾱν with Lat. per-peram `wrong, false', s. W.-Hofmann s. v. Cf. πέρι and πάρος w. further connections and lit.

Page in Frisk: 2,510-511

γρᾰφ-ή, ἡ,

A representation by means of lines: hence,

I drawing, delineation, Hdt.4.36; κατὰ γραφήν in outline, cj. in Pl.Smp. 193a; also of painting,

γραφῇ κοσμέειν Hdt.3.24

;

εἰκὼν γραφῇ εἰκασμένη Id.2.182

; the art of drawing or painting, Pl.Plt. 277c, Ti. 19b.

2 that which is drawn or painted, drawing, picture, ὅσον γραφῇ only in a picture, Hdt.2.73;

πρέπουσά θ' ὡς ἐν γραφαῖς A.Ag. 242

(lyr.); σπόγγος ὤλεσεν γραφήν ib. 1329;

μήτε ἄγαλμα μήτε γ. Arist.Pol. 1336b15

; also of embroidery, A.Ch. 232;

γραφαὶ ἀπὸ κερκίδος Philostr.Im.2.5

.

3 γ. παρειῶν painting, rouging the cheeks, Id.Ep.22.

II writing or the art of writing, Pl.Phdr. 274b, etc.: pl., αἱ γ. τῶν δικῶν the registration of.., Arist.Pol. 1321b36; γραφαὶ περὶ συμμαχίας, of treaties, ib. 1280a40.

2 that which is written, writing, S.Tr. 683, Agatho 4: hence, of various written documents, letter, Th.1.129: also in pl., E.IT 735; ψευδεῖς γ. spurious documents, ap.D.18.55 (but in E.Hipp. 1311 false statements); of published writings, τῶν

φιλοσόφων Phld.Ir.p.73

W., cf. D.H.Orat.Vett.4; ἐν τῇ πρώτῃ γ. in the first book, Epicur.Nat.Herc.1431.16; written law, Pl.Lg. 934c; contract, PAmh.2.43.13 (ii B. C.): pl., copies of judgements delivered in court, IG12(2).526d8 ([place name] Eresos).

b catalogue, list, return,

ἱερῶν PTeb.88.2

(ii B. C.);

τοῦ κατ' ἄνδρα OGI179.21

(Egypt, i B. C.);

τὰς κατ' ἄνδρα γραφάς PTeb.27.7

(ii B. C.), etc.; price-list, D.S.1.91.

c inscription, Th.1.134, IG12(5).679 ([place name] Syros), Epigr.Gr. 347 ([place name] Cios), D.C.37.21.

d MS. reading, Str.1.2.25, Gal.15.430, Alex.Aphr.in Sens.9.29, Herm.in Phdr.p.154A., etc.

3 the Holy Scripture, Aristeas 155, 2 Ep.Pet.1.20: pl., Ph.1.18, J.Ap.2.4, Ev.Matt.21.42, al.: also in sg., of a particular passage, Act.Ap.8.32, al.

4 γ. φαρμάκου medical prescription, Gal.12.293, 13.638, 15.918.

5 record-office, archive, IG11(2).203B101 (Delos, iii B. C.).

III ([etym.] γράφομαι) as law-term,

1 bill of indictment in a public prosecution,

λέγε, τὴν γ. αὐτὴν λαβών D.18.53

.

2 criminal prosecution in the interest of the state (cf. Poll.8.41),

γραφὴν ὕβρεως καὶ δίκην κακηγορίας ἰδίαν φεύξεται Id.21.32

, cf. Lys.1.44, Is.11.28, etc.;

γραφὴν γράφεσθαι Pl.Lg. 929e

, etc.;

γρ. γ. τινά Id.Euthphr.2b

, etc.;

γ. ἀπενεγκεῖν Aeschin.3.217

;

γραφήν τινος διώκειν τινά D.19.293

;

πολλὰς γ. διώξας οὐδεμίαν εἷλεν Antipho 2.1.5

;

γραφὴν ἁλῶναι Id.2.2.9

; γ. κατασκευάζειν κατά τινος, ἐπί τινα, D.21.103, 22.2; γ. εἰσέρχεσθαι, εἰσιέναι, appear before the court in a public prosecution, either as prosecutor or prosecuted, Id.18.105.

3 generally, an ordinary public action, opp. to special forms (such as εἰσαγγελία, εὔθυναι, etc.),

γραφάς, εὐθύνας, εἰσαγγελίας, πάντα ταῦτ' ἐπαγόντων μοι D.18.249

, cf. X.Ath.3.2, Lys.16.12.

Grammatical information: adj.

Meaning: `inimical, terrible', of πῦρ, also of πόλεμος, ἀνήρ (Il.), (cf. below); through false connection with δαῆναι `able, experienced' ( APl.).

Dialectal forms: Dor. δάϊος, δᾳ̃ος

Derivatives: δηϊοτής, - τῆτος f. (oxytonesis Schwyzer 528 n. 7) `battle, struggle, death' (Hom.); partly as if from δηϊόω (Trümpy Fachausdrücke 136ff.). Denomin. δηϊόω, δῃόω `slay, kill' (Il.), `destroy' (Ion.-Att.); isolated δηϊάασκον (A. R. 2, 142) after ep. - αασκ-. From it δηϊοῦσα surname of κώνειον "the killing" (Ps.-Dsc.; cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 64). - For δηϊόω Wackernagel Unt. 170f. prposes to read in the epic δηΐω (δήϊον for δῄουν Ε 452 etc.), as A. R. 3, 1374 and H. have δῄειν πολεμεῖν, φονεύειν which can be a denomin. of *δηΐς in Δηΐ-φοβος usw. (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 10, 49f.). - Among the PN in Δηϊ- note Δηϊ-άνειρα (S. etc.), formed after ἀντιάνειρα (s. v.), κυδι-άνειρα etc., with verbal reinterpretation of the first member: `killing the man'; cf. Sommer A. u. Sprw. 41.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]

Etymology: The frequent epic expression δήιον πῦρ (verse end) and πυρὸς δηίοιο (combined with θεσπιδαες πῦρ (Μ 177 etc.) suggests a meaning `burning' and connection with δαίω `burn'. The expressions (δ. πῦρ, πυρὸς δηίοιο) are metrically difficult. Ruijgh, Lingua 25, 1970, 318, observes that Myc. Daiqota (cf. Δηιθόντης) has no F, so it must have had an -h- (Dāhi-), which would show that the word is non-IE. There is no overall theory (see DELG). See Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 107, Leumann Hom. Wörter 129,.

Page in Frisk: 1,377-378

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `peg or screw by which the sterings of the lyre were tightened', ' (φ 407, Ar., Pl., Luc.); `thick skin on the upper part of the neck of oxen or pigs' (Ar. Fr. 646 and 506, 3); `bar by which a windlass was turned' (Arist. Mech. 852b 12); metaph. `ἀνδρόγυνος, cinaedus' (hell. com., AP).

Other forms: also κόλλαβος (in the first meaning)

Compounds: κολλοπο-διώκτης (sch. Ar. Nu. 347, Eust., Suid.), κολλοπεύω `be a κόλλοψ' (Pl. Com.)

Derivatives: Other denomin.: κολλοπίζειν καθέλκειν and κολλοπῶσαι κατακολλῆσαι H. with false connection with κόλλα.

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Technical term of unknown origin; after H. " διὰ τὸ εἰς κόλλαν εὑθετεῖν" (referring to the thick part of the neck of animals). Other proposals: to Lat. callum `thick skin, callosity', resp. to σκόλοψ `pole' (s. Bq s. v.). Not better Pisani Ist. Lomb. 77, 553ff.: with κόλλιξ, κολλύρα, κόλλαβος to Lat. collum, NHG Hals. -Clearly Pre-Greek, which is proven if κόλλ-αβ-ος is a variant; - οπ-\/- απ\/β- is a Pre-Greek suffix variation.

Page in Frisk: 1,899-900

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to swim', aor. etc. (ep. Ion. Il.) also `to sail, to go by sea' (beside pres. πλέω; on πλώω: πλέω Bechtel Dial. 3, 196ff., 208).

Other forms: Aor. πλῶ-ναι ( ἐπ-έπλων etc., Hom., Hes.), πλῶσαι (Γ 47: ptc. ἐπι-πλώσας; Hdt., Arr.), fut. πλώσ-ομαι (Hdt.), -ω (Lyc.), perf. πέπλωκα (Hdt., Lyc.; also E. Hel. 532 and Ar. Th. 878 [parody]),

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. ἐπι-, ἐκ-, κατα-, παρα-.

Derivatives: Prob. all derivv. are from Ion. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 3 f.). Adj. 1. πλω-τός ( πρόσ-, ἔκ-πλώω) `swimming, navigable' (κ 3 [on the explanation Giusti Il. mondo class. 7, 63ff.], Hp., Hdt., Arist.) with - τίς f. approx. `raft' (Demetr. Astrol.), - τεύομαι `to be navigated, cruised' (Plb.); 2. πλω-τικός `seafaring' (hell.); 3. - σιμος `navigable, seaworthy' (S., Diogenian.), rather from πλῶσαι than from *πλῶσις; thus πλώ-ϊμος beside and for πλόϊμος (s. on πλέω w. lit.). Subst. 4. κατάπλω-σις f. `home-coming by sea' (Herod.); 5. πλωτήρ m. `sailor' (rare in E., Ar., Pl., often in Arist. etc.), `swimmer' (Opp., Nonn.); 6. πλω-άδες, -ϊάδες (Thphr.), - ίδες (A. R.) f. pl. `swimming, flowing'; also 7. πλώς, pl. πλῶτες name of a fish, = κεστρεύς, if prop. "swimmer" (cf. Thompson Fishes s. πλῶτα); but δακρυπλώειν (τ 122) not denomin. from *δακρυ-πλώς, but after δάκρυ χέων, χέουσα built as univerbation; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 36 w. n. 1 a. lit. 8. Verb: πλω-ΐζω (- ῴζω) `to go by sea' (Hes., Th.) with -ϊσις f. `seafaring' (Just.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [835] * pleu- or a root * pleh₃-

Etymology: The above forms are not unambiguous. The aorist ἔπλων ( ἐπ-έπλων, ἀπ-έπλω a. o.) agrees with ἔγνων and so looks most like an athem. root-aorist (ptc. ἐπιπλώς Z 291 false for - πλούς?); to this as innovations ἔπλωσα-(ἔγνων: Skt. ájñāsam) and πλώω (cf. Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 365)? Or the other way round (with Schwyzer 743 n.5 [asking]): ἔπλων secondary to older ἔπλωσα and this orig. to πλώω? In the first alternative we have no reason to keep ἔπλων etc. together with πλέω; in the second πλώω from *πλώϜ-ω is taken as lengthened deverbative (e.g. Schwyzer 722 and 349); to this analog. the other forms (cf. Schwyzer 346). The same lengthened grade is found in the Slav. iterative, e.g. OCS plavati, Russ. plávatь `swim (to and fro)'. A correspondent of πλω- however gives Germ. in OWNo. flōa, OE flōwan (w secondary) with Goth. flodus m. ' ποταμός (would be Gr. *πλω-τύς) a. o.; this too can go back on a reduplicated (?) IE * plō[u̯]-. If one decides for original πλω- from IE * plō- (* pleh₃-), this could be in ablaut with πλη- in πίμ-πλη-μι (Brugmann-Thumb 325 a. 327) [I see no reaon for this argumentation; I see no basis for a form * ploh₁-] which fits semantically worse than πλέω with πλώω. Frisk prefers explanation from *πλώϜ-ω. So either from a root * pleh₃-, or from a langthened grade deverbative *plōu̯-. -- Cf. πλέω, also πλύνω.

Page in Frisk: 2,565-566

ὑποβάλλω ([dialect] Ep. [full] ὑββάλλω, v. infr.).

A throw, put, or lay under, as cloths, carpets, and the like ,

ὑπένερθε δὲ λῖθ' ὑπέβαλλεν Od.10.353

; κάτω μὲν ὑποβαλεῖτε τῶν Μιλησίων ἐρίων carpets of Milesian wool, Eub.90.2, cf. X.Cyr.5.5.7;

ὑ. πλευροῖς πλευρά E.Or. 223

, etc.;

ὑπὸ τοὺς πόδας ὑ. τι X.Oec.18.5

;

ὑ. ταῖς μασχάλαις τὰς χεῖρας Sor.2.59

; ὑ. αἶγας τοῖς τράγοις, of breeders, Longus 3.29;

ὑ. τοῖς ξίφεσι τὰς σφαγάς Plu.Brut.31

; ὑ. τινὰς τοῖς θηρίοις throw them under the elephants' feet, Plb.1.82.2; ὑ. τοὺς δακτύλους, of a flute-player, put down, Luc.Harm.1; ὑ. [φάρμακον] ὑπὸ τὰ βλέφαρα insert under the eyelids, Sever. ap. Aët.7.32; τοῖς φορείοις τῶν γυναικῶν ὑ. τὰ ὄμματα cast furtive glances at, Plu.2.522a, cf. Eust.1406.36:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass., place under oneself or have placed under one,

λυκοφάνους ὑποβάλλεσθαι Plu.2.237b

;

πορφυρίδας ὑποβεβλημένοι Luc.Symp.13

.

2 lay under, as a beginning, foundation, Aeschin.1.24 (cj. Reiske for ὑπολαβών):—in [voice] Med.,

θεμέλιον ὑ. τυραννίδος Plb.13.6.2

; ὁ πρῶτος ὑποβεβλημένος the first founder, Str.12.3.30.

3 subject, submit,

ἐχθροῖς ἐμαυτόν E.HF 1384

, cf. Aeschin.3.90;

ὑπὸ τοσαύτας συμφορὰς σφᾶς αὐτούς Isoc.8.113

.

II [voice] Med., bring in another's child as one's own, Hdt.5.41, Ar.Th. 340, 407, 565, Pl.R. 538a, D.21.149, etc.; or palm off one's own child as another's,

ἡ ὑποβεβλημένη τὸν αὑτῆς υἱόν Arist.Rh. 1400a24

:—[voice] Pass., τῶν ὑποβαλλομένων (sc. παίδων) Id.Rh.Al. 1421a29:—the origin of this phrase is plain from the words of E.,

μαστῷ γυναικὸς σῆς ὑπεβλήθην λάθρᾳ Alc. 639

, cf. Supp. 1160 (lyr.), X.Cyn.7.3; v. ὑποβολιμαῖος.

2 [voice] Med., of a drama, [Εὐριπίδης] τὸ δρᾶμα (sc. Μήδειαν)

δοκεῖ ὑποβαλέσθαι Arist.Fr. 635

: metaph., ὑποβαλλόμενοι κλέπτουσι μύθους with false suggestions they spread secret rumours, S.Aj. 188 (lyr.); cf. Isoc.15.21 and v. ὑπόβλητος.

3 suborn, Act.Ap.6.11:—[voice] Pass., of an informer, App. BC1.74.

III suggest, whisper, as a prompter does,

ἑσταότος μὲν καλὸν ἀκούειν, οὐδὲ ἔοικεν ὑββάλλειν Il.19.80

(where Sch.B expl. it to interrupt);

ὑποβαλεῖν δυνήσεσθε, ἤν τι ἐπιλανθάνωνται X.Cyr.3.3.55

, cf. Pl.Grg. 491a, D.21.204, Aeschin.3.48; ὑ. ὁ νόμος ἃ χρὴ γράφειν ib.22;

ἐγώ σοι λόγον ὑποβαλῶ καλόν Id.1.121

;

ὑ. παιδὶ λόγον

dictate,

Isoc.12.231

, cf. 5.149; ὑ. ὀνόματα, of an informer, Lys.13.25;

τὸν -οντα τῇ Πυθίᾳ τοὺς χρησμούς Plu.2.404b

;

τὰς ἀνειμένας [ἁρμονίας] ἡ φύσις ὑ. τοῖς τοιούτοις Arist.Pol. 1342b22

;

ταῦτα ἡ αἴσθησις ὑ. Epicur.Ep.2p.39U.

; so, provoke, produce, ib.1p.29U., etc.: cf.

ὑποβλήδην 1.1

,

ὑποβολή 1.3

.

IV [voice] Med., appropriate to oneself,

ἀλλότρια Str.17.1.5

;

δόξαν Plu.Pomp.31

.

2 attempt a work,

σύνταξιν καὶ ἱστορίαν Id.Dem.2

.

ἐξαπατάω 1 aor. ἐξηπάτησα; pf. 3 pl. ἐξηπατήκασιν (Tat. 14, 1); aor. pass. inf. ἐξαπατηθῆναι (Just., D. 8, 3) (s. ἀπατάω; Hom. et al.) to cause someone to accept false ideas about someth., deceive, cheat, τινά someone (Jos., Ant. 10, 111) Ro 7:11; 2 Th 2:3; IEph 8:1. Of the serpent’s deception of Eve (cp. Gen 3:13) 2 Cor 11:3; 1 Ti 2:14; GJs 13:1, in the first and third pass.= lead astray (Hdt. 2, 114, 2). τὰς καρδίας τῶν ἀκάκων the hearts of the unsuspecting Ro 16:18 (Philo, Leg. All. 3, 109 τ. αἴσθησιν). ἑαυτὸν ἐ. deceive oneself (Ael. Aristid. 24, 35 K.=44 p. 835 D.; Lucian, Merc. Cond. 5, end; Jos., Ant. 13, 89; Just., D. 34, 1 al.; cp. Epict. 2, 20, 7; 2, 22, 15 μὴ ἐξαπατᾶσθε) 1 Cor 3:18; τινά τινι ἐ. deceive someone w. someth. τῇ ὕλῃ IRo 6:2.—M-M. TW. Sv.

ἔρχομαι impv. ἔρχου, ἔρχεσθε; impf. ἠρχόμην; fut. ἐλεύσομαι; 2 aor. ἦλθον, and the mixed forms ἦλθα (W-S. §13, 13; B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208f), ἤλθοσαν (LXX; TestAbr A 20 p. 103, 12 [Stone p. 54]), ἤλθωσαν (GJs 21:1; ἤλθωσιν17:3; s. deStrycker p. 246f); pf. ἐλήλυθα; plpf. 3 sg. ἐληλύθει 3 Km 10:10, 12 (Hom.+). This multipurpose marker is not readily susceptible to precise classification, but the following outline of usage covers the principal lines:

① of movement from one point to another, with focus on approach from the narrator’s perspective, come

ⓐ of movement itself

α. abs. ἔρχου καὶ ἔρχεται Mt 8:9; Lk 7:8; cp. Mt 22:3; Lk 14:17; J 5:7; Ac 10:29; 1 Cor 11:34; Rv 8:3 al. κραυγὴ γέγονεν• ἰδοὺ ὁ νυμφίος ἔρχεται Mt 25:6 v.l. (Jos., Bell. 5, 272 βοῶντες• ὁ υἱὸς ἔρχεται). οἱ ἐρχόμενοι καὶ οἱ ὑπάγοντες Mk 6:31. ἦλθε δρομέως came on the run AcPl Ha 4, 30 (TestAbr A 5 p. 82, 24 [Stone p. 12] ἦλθεν δρομαία ἐπʼ αὐτούς=Sarah came to them on the run). Also w. the specif. mng. come back, return (Hom. et al.; Bar 4:37; 1 Esdr 5:8; Tob 2:3 BA) J 4:27; 9:7; Ro 9:9; of Joseph GJs 16:2 (foll. by κατέβη of Mary; both Joseph and Mary ‘return’ from an uninhabited area). Come before the judgment-seat of God 2 Cl 9:4. Come in a hostile sense Lk 11:22 P⁷⁵ et al. (cp. X., Hellenica 6, 5, 43).

β. used w. prepositions: ἀπό w. gen. of place (Herodian 1, 17, 8 ἀ. τοῦ λουτροῦ; ἀ. βορρᾶς PsSol 11:3; ἀ. τῆς μεγάλης πόλεως TestAbr A 2 p. 78, 30 [Stone p. 4]) Mk 7:1; 15:21; Ac 18:2; 2 Cor 11:9; w. gen. of pers. Mk 5:35; J 3:2b; Gal 2:12.—ἐκ w. gen. of place Lk 5:17; J 3:31b.—εἰς w. acc. of place into Mt 2:11; 8:14; 9:1; Mk 1:29; 5:38; Lk 23:42 (cp. 1bα below, end); J 11:30; εἰς Κόρινθον AcPl Ha 6, 2 (εἰς τὸν παράδεισον TestAbr A 11 p. 90, 1 [Stone p. 28]). to, toward J 11:38; 20:3. εἰς τὸ πέραν Mt 8:28; 16:5. εἰς τ. ἑορτήν to the festival, i.e. to celebrate it J 4:45b; 11:56. ἐκ … εἰς J 4:54.—διά w. gen. of place and εἰς Mk 7:31; ὁ … ἐρχόμενος διᾶ τῆς θύρας one who enters by the gate 10:2 (P⁷⁵).—μετά w. gen. of pers. ἵνα ἔλθῶ μετʼ αὐτοῦ ἐν τῇ δόξη τοῦ πατρὸς αὐτοῦ so that I might return with him in the glory of his Father AcPl Ha 10, 8. ἐν w. dat. of the thing w. which one comes Ro 15:29. ἐν ῥάβδῳ 1 Cor 4:21, also to denote the state of being in which one comes ἐν πνεύματι Lk 2:27; cp. Ro 15:32; w. dat. of the pers. who accompanies someone Jd 14.—ἐπί w. acc. of place over Mt 14:28, to (JosAs 26:5; ParJer 8:4; Jos., Ant. 7, 16; Just., D. 88, 3) Lk 19:5; Ac 12:10, 12; w. acc. of thing to (PTor I, 1; II, 29 [116 B.C.] ἔρχεσθαι ἐπὶ τὸ κριτήριον; Jos., Ant. 12, 395) Mt 3:7; Mk 11:13b; w. acc. of pers. to (ἐπὶ γυναῖκα Just., A I, 33, 3) J 19:33; Ac 24:8 v.l.; against Lk 14:31 (1 Macc 5:39 ἔρχ. ἐπί τινα εἰς πόλεμον; Jos., Ant. 7, 233; Mel., P. 17, 114).—κατά w. acc. of place to Lk 10:33; Ac 16:7; AcPl Ha 2, 5.—παρά w. acc. of place to Mt 15:29; w. gen. of pers. from Lk 8:49.—πρός w. acc. of pers. to (X., Mem. 1, 2, 27; En 106:4; JosAs 3:6; Jos., Ant. 2, 106; 11, 243; Just., D. 77, 4) Mt 3:14; 7:15; Mk 9:14; Lk 1:43; J 1:29, 47; 2 Cor 13:1 and oft. ἀπό τινος (gen. of pers.) πρός τινα 1 Th 3:6.

γ. w. an adverb of place ἄνωθεν ἔ. J 3:31. ἐκεῖ 18:3. ἐνθάδε 4:16. ὄπισθεν Mk 5:27. πόθεν (Jdth 10:12) J 3:8; 8:14; Rv 7:13. ποῦ Hb 11:8. ὧδε Mt 8:29; Ac 9:21 (ApcEsdr 5:10; ApcSed 9:4; cp. ParJer 7:16 ἐνταῦθα. The adv. w. a case funct. as prep. ἄχρι τινός Ac 11:5. ἐγγύς τινος Hv 4, 1, 9. ἕως τινός Lk 4:42 (ApcMos 34 ἐλθὲ ἕως ἐμοῦ).

δ. w. a case, without a prep.: dat. of pers. come to someone (Aeschyl., Prom. 358; Thu. 1, 13, 3; X., An. 7, 7, 30; BGU 1041, 16 [II A.D.] ὅτι ἔρχομαί σοι) Mt 21:5 (Zech 9:9); Rv 2:5, 16.

ε. The purpose of coming is expressed by an inf. (Eur., Med. 1270, also Palaeph. p. 62, 12; 1 Macc 16:22; Bel 40 Theod.; 1 Esdr 1:23; 5:63; TestSol 5 D ἦλθε θεάσασθαι; TestAbr B 5 p. 109, 21 [Stone p. 66] ἔρχομαι … κοιμηθῆναι; Just., D. 78, 7 ὸ̔ν ἐληλύθεισαν προσκυνῆσαι) Mt 2:2; 12:42; Mk 15:36; Lk 1:59; 3:12 al.; by a fut. ptc. (Hom. et al.) Mt 27:49; Ac 8:27; by a pres. ptc. Lk 13:6 (TestJob 9:8 αἰτοῦντες); by ἵνα J 10:10; 12:9b (TestJob 34:5; ApcMos 29); εἰς τοῦτο ἵνα Ac 9:21; διά τινα J 12:9a.

ζ. Single forms of ἔ. are used w. other verbs to denote that a person, in order to do someth., must first come to a certain place: in parataxis ἔρχεται καί, ἦλθεν καί etc. (Ex 19:7; 2 Km 13:36; 2 Esdr 5:16; JosAs 10:6; TestJob 8:3; ApcMos 37) Mt 13:19, 25; Mk 2:18; 4:15; 5:33; 6:29; 12:9; 14:37; Lk 8:12, 47; J 6:15; 11:48; 12:22; 19:38; 20:19, 26; 21:13; 3J 3; Rv 5:7; 17:1; 21:9. ἔρχου καὶ ἴδε J 1:46; 11:34. ἔρχεσθε καὶ ὄψεσθε 1:39. A ptc. of ἔ. followed by a finite verb ἐλθών (Hdt. 2, 115; LXX; TestJob 7:1; Just., D. 8, 4 al.) Mt 2:8; 8:7; 9:10, 18 (cp. εἷς 3b; προσέρχομαι 1a); 12:44; 14:12; 18:31; 27:64; 28:13; Mk 7:25; 12:14, 42; 14:45; 16:1; Ac 16:37, 39. ἐρχόμενος Lk 13:14; 16:21; 18:5. The participial constr. is best transl. come and. In some pass. ἐλθών is to be rendered when (someone) has come J 16:8; 2 Cor 12:20; Phil 1:27 (opp. ἀπών).—Instead of the transcription ]λη λυθεισα POxy 1081, 3, read after the Coptic SJCh 88, 19–89, 1: ἐ]ληλύθεισαν.

ⓑ of making an appearance come before the public, appear (cp. ἦλθον εἰς τόνδε τὸν κόσμον ‘I was born’ Ar. 1, 1).

α. of Jesus as Messiah Lk 3:16; J 4:25; 7:27, 31, who for this reason (on the basis of pass. like Ps 117:26; Hab 2:3; Da 7:13 Theod.) is called ὁ ἐρχόμενος Mt 11:3; Lk 7:19f; Hb 10:37 (Hab 2:3), or ὁ ἐρχόμενος ἐν ὀνόματι κυρίου Mt 21:9; 23:39; Mk 11:9; Lk 13:35; 19:38; J 12:13 (in all cases Ps 117:26); also in John, in whose writings the idea of Jesus having come heaven-sent to the earth is of considerable importance J 16:28: (ὁ προφήτης) ὁ ἐρχόμενος εἰς τ. κόσμον J 6:14; 11:27 (cp. ἐρχόμενος εἰς τ. κόσμον ἐπὶ τὸ ὄρος τῶν ἐλαιῶν ParJer 9:20). Of the appearance of Jesus among humans (s. Harnack, ‘Ich bin gekommen’: ZTK 22, 1912, 1–30; AFrövig, D. Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. d. Geist 1924, 129ff) Mt 11:19; Lk 7:34; J 5:43; 7:28; 8:42. Foll. by the inf. of purpose Mt 5:17; 10:34f; Lk 19:10. W. ἵνα foll. J 10:10b (ἦλθον, as here, Herm. Wr. 1, 30). W. εἰς τ. κόσμον and ἵνα foll. 12:46; 18:37; εἰς κρίμα, ἵνα 9:39; w. inf. foll. 1 Ti 1:15. ἔ. ἐν σαρκί come in the flesh 1J 4:2; 2J 7; B 5:10f. εἰς σάρκα AcPlCor 1:14. ἔ διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος 1J 5:6 w. the continuation ἐν τ. ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τ. αἵματι (on the mng. of the prep. s. B-D-F §223, 3; 198, 4). ὀπίσω w. gen. come after of Christ in relation to his forerunner Mt 3:11; Mk 1:7; J 1:15, 27, 30. The idea of coming is even plainer in connection w. the coming of the Human One (Son of Man), the return of Jesus fr. his heavenly home Mt 10:23; Ac 1:11 (opp. πορεύεσθαι); 1 Cor 4:5; 11:26; 2 Th 1:10 (Just., D. 28, 2 al.). W. ἐν τῇ δόξῃ Mt 16:27; 25:31; Mk 8:38; Lk 9:26 (cp. ἔνδοξος … ἐλεύσεται Just., D. 49, 2). ἐπὶ τ. νεφελῶν μετὰ δυνάμεως καὶ δόξης Mt 24:30 (Just., D. 31, 1). ἐν νεφέλαις, νεφέλῃ etc. Mk 13:26; Lk 21:27. ἐν τ. βασιλείᾳ αὐτοῦ in his kingdom Mt 16:28; Lk 23:42 v.l.

β. of forerunners of the Messiah and those who identify themselves as such: Elijah Mt 11:14; 17:10, 11, 12; Mk 9:11, 12, 13 (Just., D. 49, 1); John the Baptist Mt 11:18; Lk 7:33; J 1:31; w. εἰς μαρτυρίαν for testimony 1:7. Others, including false messiahs, false teachers, and an antichrist Mt 24:5; Mk 13:6; Lk 21:8 (ἐπὶ τ. ὀνόματί μου calling on my name); J 10:8; 2 Cor 11:4; 2 Pt 3:3; 1J 2:18.

② to proceed on a course, with destination in view, go (Hom. et al.; LXX) ὀπίσω τινός go with (lit. ‘after’) someone fig., of a disciple Mt 16:24; Mk 8:34 v.l.; Lk 9:23; 14:27. ἐπί τι go to someth. Mt 21:19; Mk 11:13a (w. indir. quest. foll.). πρός τινα Lk 15:20. σύν τινι J 21:3. ἔ. ὁδόν go on a journey (Hom. et al.) Lk 2:44. S. also 1bα above.

③ to change place or position, with implication of being brought, be brought (Hom. et al.; Thu. 6, 71, 2 χρήματα; Arrian, Anab. 2, 13, 5 ἀγγελία et al.) ὁ λύχνος the lamp is brought Mk 4:21. Sim. ἐλθούσης τ. ἐντολῆς when the commandment came Ro 7:9.

④ to take place, come

ⓐ of time

α. of temporal increments ἔρχονται ἡμέραι in future sense (1 Km 2:31; Am 8:11) Lk 23:29; Hb 8:8 (Jer 38:31); ἐλεύσονται ἡμ. Mt 9:15; Mk 2:20; Lk 5:35; 17:22; 21:6 (TestSol 13:7 C; Just., D. 40, 2). ἦλθεν ἡ ἡμέρα 22:7; Rv 6:17.—ἔρχεται ὥρα ὅτε the time is coming when J 4:21, 23; 5:25; 16:25; also ἔ. ὥρα ἐν ᾗ J 5:28; ἔ. ὥρα ἵνα 16:2, 32. ἦλθεν ἡ ὥρα the hour has come = the hour is here Mk 14:41b; J 16:4; Rv 14:7, 15; w. ἵνα foll. J 13:1 (ἥκω P66). ἐλήλυθεν ἡ ὥ. ἵνα 12:23; 16:32; without ἵνα 17:1; cp. 7:30; 8:20.—ἔρχεται νύξ 9:4 (Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 40 §159 νυκτὸς ἐρχομένης). ἡμέρα κυρίου 1 Th 5:2. καιροί Ac 3:20 (GrBar 8:1 ὁ καιρός). τὸ πλήρωμα τ. χρόνου Gal 4:4.

β. of events and situations that are connected w. a certain time ὁ θερισμός J 4:35. ὁ γάμος τ. ἀρνίου Rv 19:7. ἡ κρίσις 18:10. So also the ptc. ἐρχόμενος coming, future, imminent: αἰὼν ἐ. (=הָעוֹלָם הַבָּא) the age to come Mk 10:30; Lk 18:30; ἑορτὴ ἐ. the coming festival Ac 18:21 v.l.; σάββατον ἐ. 13:44; ὀργὴ ἐ. the wrath which will be revealed (at the Judgment) 1 Th 1:10. τὰ ἐρχόμενα what is to come (Is 44:7 τὰ ἐπερχόμενα) J 16:13. Of God in Rv ὁ ὢν κ. ὁ ἦν κ. ὁ ἐρχόμενος 1:4, 8; 4:8.

ⓑ of events and circumstances

α. of natural or sensory phenomena (Hom. et al.; also TestAbr A 19 p. 102, 10 [Stone p. 52]; βροντῆς … καὶ ἀστραπῆς ἐλθούσης; ApcEsdr 5:7 νεφέλη) ποταμοί Mt 7:25, 27. κατακλυσμός Lk 17:27. λιμός Ac 7:11. Of rain ἔ. ἐπὶ τῆς γῆς come upon the earth Hb 6:7. Sim. of the coming down of birds fr. the air Mt 13:4, 32; Mk 4:4; of a voice resounding fr. heaven ἦλθεν φωνὴ ἐκ τ. οὐρανοῦ J 12:28 (Test Abr A 10 p. 88, 15 and 14 p. 94, 25 [Stone p. 24; p. 36]; Just., D. 88, 8; cp. Il. 10, 139; En 13:8; TestSol 1:3 VW; TestJob 3:1; ParJer 9:12; ApcEsdr 7:13).

β. of transcendent and moral-spiritual phenomena: of spiritual coming of God come, appear J 14:23; of Christ ibid. and vss. 3, 18, 28; of the Paraclete 15:26; 16:7, 13.—ἡ ἀποστασία 2 Th 2:3. ἡ βασιλεία τ. θεοῦ Mt 6:10; Lk 11:2 (MBurrows, JBL 74, ’55, 1–8); 17:20; 22:18 al.; 1 Cl 42:3.—τ. σκάνδαλα Mt 18:7; Lk 17:1. τὰ ἀγαθά Ro 3:8 (cp. Jer. 17:6). τὸ τέλειον 1 Cor 13:10. ἡ πίστις Gal 3:23, 25.

⑤ ἐ. in var. prepositional combinations ἔ. ἐκ τ. θλίψεως have suffered persecution Rv 7:14. ἔ. εἰς τὸ χεῖρον Mk 5:26 (Witkowski no. 36, 12=White no. 35 τοῦ παιδίου εἰς τὰ ἔσχατα ἐληλυθότος of a child in desperate circumstances; TestAbr A 20 p. 102, 27 [Stone p. 52] εἰς θάνατον ἔρχονται). εἰς τοσαύτην ἀπόνοιαν, ὥστε 1 Cl 46:7 (Hyperid. 2, 5 εἰς τοῦτο ἀπονοίας ἔ., ὥστε). εἰς πειρασμόν Mk 14:38 (cp. Himerius, Or. 48 [Or. 14], 19 εἰς ἐπιθυμίαν ἐλθεῖν). εἰς ἀπελεγμόν Ac 19:27. εἰς τὴν ὥραν ταύτην J 12:27. ἔ. εἰς κρίσιν submit to judgment (letter of Philip in Demosth. 12, 11; 16; ApcEsdr 2:26 ἔλθωμεν ὁμοῦ εἰς κρίσιν) 5:24. εἰς ἐπίγνωσιν 1 Ti 2:4; 2 Ti 3:7 (Polyb. 6, 9, 12; Appian, Mithr. 31 §123 ἔρχεσθαι ἐς γνῶσίν τινος; Cebes 12, 3 εἰς τὴν ἀληθινὴν παιδείαν ἐλθεῖν; TestSol 20:5 εἰς ἔννοιαν ἐλθεῖν; Just., D. 90, 1 οὐδʼ εἰς ἔννοιαν τούτου ἐλθεῖν). ἵνα ἔλθω εἰς τὴν ἐκ νεκρῶν ἀνάστασιν so that I might realize the resurrection of the dead (cp. ApcMos 10 εἰς τὴν ἡμέραν τῆς ἀναστάσεως) AcPlCor 2:35. εἰς φανερόν come to light Mk 4:22; Lk 8:17. εἰς προκοπήν result in furthering Phil 1:12 (cp. Wsd 15:5). ἔ. εἴς τι of the writer of a letter come to, i.e. deal with someth. (a new subject) 2 Cor 12:1 (cp. w. ἐπὶ Ar. 2:1 al.; Just., D. 42 ἐπὶ τὸν λόγον). εἰς ἑαυτόν come to oneself (=to one’s senses) (Diod S 13, 95, 2; Epict. 3, 1, 15; TestJos 3:9; GrBar 17:3; Sb 5763, 35) Lk 15:17. ἐπί τινα of serious misfortunes come over someone (Dt 28:15; Jos., Ant. 4, 128) J 18:4 (cp. PIand 21, 2 ἡμῶν τὰ ἐρχόμενα οὐκ οἶδα); tortures IRo 5:3; blood upon the murderers Mt 23:35; the Holy Spirit comes down upon someone (cp. Ezk 2:2; Just., D. 49, 7; 88, 1 ἐλεύσεσθαι ἐπʼ αὐτὸν τὰς δυνάμεις) Mt 3:16; Lk 11:2 v.l.; Ac 19:6; peace Mt 10:13; the wrath of God Eph 5:6; cp. Col 3:6; ἡ βασιλεία Lk 11:2 D; ἔ. πρὸς τ. Ἰησοῦν come to Jesus = become disciples of Jesus J 5:40; 6:35, 37, 44f, 65; πρὸς τ. πατέρα 14:6. ἔ. ὑπὸ τὸν ζυγόν 1 Cl 16:17 (cp. PsSol 18, 7f. ὑπὸ ῥάβδον παιδείας Χριστοῦ).—Not infreq. the pres. ἔρχομαι has the mng. of the fut.: Mt 17:11; Lk 12:54 (corresp. to καύσων ἔσται vs. 55); 19:13; J 14:3. Esp. also ἕως ἔρχομαι until I shall come J 21:22f; 1 Ti 4:13; Hs 5, 2, 2; 9, 10, 5; 6; 9, 11, 1. S. B-D-F §323; 383, 1; Rob. 869. S. also 4aα above.—B. 696. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW.

προδίδωμι,

A give beforehand, pay in advance, X.HG1.5.7, IG22.1304.34; προεδίδου cj. for προς- in Plb.8.15.7; προδιδούς, opp. ἐπιδιδούς, Gal.12.174; give first, Ep.Rom.11.35:—[voice] Pass., Arist.Oec. 1350a36;

τῶν -δεδομένων τιμῶν Inscr.Prien.107.17

, cf. GDI5181.34 ([place name] Crete); of a menu-tablet, Ath.2.49d.

II give up, [ κλῆρον] PPetr.3p.96(iii B.C.); deliver up,

τοὺς ὁμοκωμήτας ἡμῖν PThead.17.16

(iv A.D.): most freq., give up to the enemy, betray,

τοὺς λοιποὺς τοῖσι Σαμίοισι Hdt.6.23

;

τὸ σὸν θνητοῖσι π. γέρας A.Pr.38

, etc.;

π. τὴν Ποτείδαιαν Hdt.8.128

;

τὰν φυγάδα A.Supp. 420

(lyr.);

ἱκέτας E.Heracl. 246

;

πυργώματα A.Th. 251

; τὰς πύλας, φρούριον, Ar.Av. 766, Ra. 362; of a woman,

π. τὸ σῶμα Lys.Fr.90

: c. inf.,

ὃν σὺ προὔδωκας θανεῖν E.Or. 1588

, cf. Alc. 659:—[voice] Pass.,

προδοθέντες ὑπὸ Σιτάλκεω ἥλωσαν Hdt.7.137

;

ἀπόλωλα τλήμων, προδέδομαι S.Ph. 923

.

2 forsake, abandon,

οἵ με φίλοι προὔδωκαν Thgn.813

;

π. τὴν Ἑλλάδα Hdt.9.7

.β, Ar. Pax 408;

μηδαμῶς.. προδῷς με Id.Th. 229

;

τὴν μητέρα π. Antipho 1.5

;

τὴν πολιτείαν Pl.Lg. 762c

;

σαυτόν Id.Cri. 45c

:—[voice] Pass.,

προδεδόμεθα ὑπὸ τῶν συμμάχων Hdt.9.60

, cf. Vett.Val.78.19.

3 abs., play false, desert, Hdt.5.113, 6.15, etc.; οὔτοι προδώσει χρησμός will not prove traitor, A.Ch. 269;

χάρις.. προδοῦσ' ἁλίσκεται S.Aj. 1267

; ἢν προδιδῶσι πρὸς τοὺς κατιόντας treat treasonably with them, Hdt.3.45: c. acc. cogn.,

προδοσίαν π.

to be guilty of treachery,

Din.1.10

.

4 with a thing as subject, betray, fail one, [

αἱ κάτω πλίνθοι] π. τὰς ἄνω X.HG5.2.5

;

ὁ ὀφθαλμὸς π. τινά D.52.13

: intr.,fail, of wine, Xenoph. 1.5; of a river, run dry, Hdt.7.187; of a barricade that has proved useless, Id.8.52.

5 with a thing as object, surrender, give up,

προδέδοται τὰ κρυπτά E.IA 1140

; χάριν π. to be thankless, Id.Heracl. 1036;

τὰ πράγματα Ar.Eq. 241

;

τὸ δοκοῦν ἀληθὲς οὐχ ὅσιον προδιδόναι Pl.R. 607c

;

τὸ δίκαιον Id.Lg. 907a

; ἑτέροισι τὴν νίκην ib. 906e;

καιρὸν τοῖς ἐναντίοις D.19.6

; to be false to, fail to uphold,

ὅρκους X.Cyr.5.1.22

;

τὴν καταχειροτονίαν D.21.120

; give up as lost, bid adieu to,

ἡδονάς S.Ant. 1166

;

τὰς ἐλπίδας Ar.Nu. 1500

;

τὴν ἐκείνου προαίρεσιν D. 60.28

;

τὸν ἀγῶνα Aeschin.1.115

.

ἀγνο-έω, [dialect] Ep. [pref] ἀγνοι-, [ per.] 3sg. subj.

A

ἀγνοιῇσι Od.24.218

: [tense] impf.

ἠγνόουν Isoc.7.21

, etc.: [tense] fut.

ἀγνοήσω B.Fr.12

, Isoc.12.251, D.32.10, 54.31: [tense] aor.

ἠγνόησα A.Eu. 134

, Th.2.49, etc.; [dialect] Ep.

ἠγνοίησα Il.2.807

, Hes.Th. 551, [dialect] Ep. [var] contr. [ per.] 3sg.

ἀγνώσασκε Od.23.95

: [tense] pf.

ἠγνόηκα Pl. Sph. 221d

, Alex.20.4:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. (of med. form)

ἀγνοήσομαι D. 18.249

; ἀγνοηθήσομαι v.l. in Luc.JTr.5: [tense] aor. ἠγνοήθην, v. infr.: [tense] pf.

ἠγνόημαι Isoc.15.171

, Pl.Lg. 797a. (This Verb implies a form ἄγνοος, = ἀγνώς 11):— not to perceive or recognize; Hom., almost always in [tense] aor.,

ἄνδρ' ἀγνοιήσασ' ὑλάει Od.20.15

, cf. Th. l.c., Pl.Phdr. 228a; mostly with neg., οὐκ ἠγνοίησεν he perceived or knew well, Il. 2.807, etc.;

μηδὲν ἀγνόει E.Andr. 899

.—Mostly c. acc., to be ignorant of, Hdt.4.156, S.Tr.78;

πάντα Pl.Smp. 216d

; ἑαυτοὺς ἀ. forget their former selves, D.10.74; τὴν πόλιν ἀ. not to discern the temper of the city, Id.19.231;

τὸν ξένον Philostr. VA2.26

; fail to understand,

τὸ ῥῆμα Ev.Marc.9.32

;

περί τινος Pl.Phdr. 277d

: c. gen. pers. and rel. clause,

ἀγνοοῦντες ἀλλήλων ὅ τι λέγομεν Id.Grg. 517c

: dependent clauses in part.,

τίς.. ἀ. τὸν ἐκεῖθεν πόλεμον δεῦρο ἥξοντα; D.1.15

: with Conj., οὐδεὶς ἀ. ὅτι .. Id.21.156, etc.;

ἀγνοῶν εἰ.. X.An.6.5.12

:—[voice] Pass., not to be known, recognized, Pl.Euthphr.4a, Hp.Ma. 294d, etc.;

ἀγνοούμενα ὅπῃ.. ἀγαθά ἐστι Id.R. 506a

; ἠγνοῆσθαι ξύμπασιν ὅτι .. Id.Lg. 797a;

ὑπελάμβανον ἀγνοήσεσθαι D.18.249

; καιρὸν οὐ παρεθέντα οὐδ' ἀγνοηθέντα ib.303, cf. Isoc.15.171; τὰ ἠγνοημένα unknown parts, Arr.An.7.1.4.

II abs., go wrong, make a false step, first in Hp.Art.46, Antipho 5.44 (dub.l.), lsoc.8.39; part. ἀγνοῶν ignorantly, by mistake, X.An.7.3.38, Arist.EN 1110b27;

ἀγνοήσαντες And.4.5

: in moral sense, to be ignorant of what is right, act amiss, Plb.5.11.5, cf. Ep.Heb.5.2:—[voice] Med., fail to recognize, Gal.14.630.